In context of Supply Chain Planning depending on the kind of industry - Long/Mid Term Planning would be planning say beyond 3/6 months all the way to 2 or 5 years. On the other hand short term planning would be from current period or from Planning Time Fence (frozen period - no changes possible without impacting execution) to 3 or 6 months.
The focus on long/mid-term planning is demand management and replenishment planning with focus on production planning. On the other hand in case of short-term planning the focus is on exception handling or planning for short-term demand changes (primarily Sales Orders) and on Production side - Material and Resource Capacity Availability checks i.e. Scheduling.
This is from business process stand-point. APO enables these requirements through its various modules.
As a thumbrule - Demand Planning and Supply Network Planning supports long/mid-term planning while Deployment and TLB within Supply Network Planning and Production Planning Detailed Scheduling module functionalities are used for short-term planning.
Hope this helps.
Somnath
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